Ethereum

Future

Verge

<h4>Ethereum fees are still very high. One way of reducing them is by coming up with scaling options. Ethereum works hard on this, and some options are already on the table. For example, layer 2 solutions have been an option since 2019. </h4> 
The ‘The Surge’ upgrade is also such an option. All these options serve to increase scalability. As a result, we should have faster transaction speed and reduced gas costs. So, let’s take a closer look at The Surge and its roadmap. 
<h5>What Is The Surge?</h5> 
Here’s a short recap of what The Surge is on Ethereum. It’s part of Ethereum’s roadmap. This roadmap consists of six main steps. Two of these steps have already been implemented. This is The Merge, which accommodates the switch from PoW to PoS. The current step is The Purge, which deals with scalability. This is currently in full swing. Up-and-coming upgrades are, for example: 
<ul> 
 <li>The Scourge — Should improve censorship resistance, decentralization, and protocol risks from MEV</li> 
 <li>The Verge — Making block verification easier.</li> 
 <li>The Purge — Reduce computational costs of running nodes. Making the protocol simpler.</li> 
 <li>The Splurge — Improvements that didn’t fit in any of the other upgrades.</li> 
</ul> 
Each of these upgrades has smaller upgrades planned inside them as well. For example, the next upgrade in The Surge is the Prague/Electra Upgrade (aka Pectra). This will also increase scalability. For instance, by offering to pay gas fees with various tokens. It will also make smart contracts faster.&nbsp; 
The previous upgrade was Dencun (Denver/Cancun). This reduced transaction costs for L2s. It also introduced Binary Large Objects or blobs. These blobs reduce permanently stored data on Ethereum. The picture below shows the six steps of the Ethereum roadmap. 
<img decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-153538 size-full" src="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-641-Ethereum-Upgrades_-Key-Milestones-and-Future-Roadmap-b2binpay.com_.jpg" alt="Ethereum roadmap" width="841" height="849" srcset="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-641-Ethereum-Upgrades_-Key-Milestones-and-Future-Roadmap-b2binpay.com_.jpg 841w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-641-Ethereum-Upgrades_-Key-Milestones-and-Future-Roadmap-b2binpay.com_-297x300.jpg 297w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-641-Ethereum-Upgrades_-Key-Milestones-and-Future-Roadmap-b2binpay.com_-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-641-Ethereum-Upgrades_-Key-Milestones-and-Future-Roadmap-b2binpay.com_-768x775.jpg 768w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-641-Ethereum-Upgrades_-Key-Milestones-and-Future-Roadmap-b2binpay.com_-416x420.jpg 416w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-641-Ethereum-Upgrades_-Key-Milestones-and-Future-Roadmap-b2binpay.com_-696x703.jpg 696w" sizes="(max-width: 841px) 100vw, 841px"> 
Source: Ethereum <a href="https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">roadmap</a> 
<h5>Key Goals of The Surge and How to Achieve Them</h5> 
The Surge has a couple of key goals. Will look at them and how Buterin and <a href="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/?s=ethereum" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ethereum</a> plan to achieve them. The key goals are, 
<ul> 
 <li>Provide L1s and L2a with 100,000+ TPS (transactions per second). Currently, that’s around 15 TPS.</li> 
 <li>Keep the L1 decentralized and robust.</li> 
 <li>Some L2s can inherit Ethereum’s core properties. For example, censorship-resistant, trustless, and open.</li> 
 <li>L2s are interoperable. “Ethereum should feel like one ecosystem, not 34 different blockchains.”</li> 
</ul> 
Ethereum tries to achieve these goals with seven steps. Here’s a short version of these seven steps. 
<h6>1 — The Blockchain Trilemma</h6> 
The blockchain trilemma shows three properties in blockchains that are difficult to align. Most to all chains can master two properties but consequently, the third property lacks integration. Breaking this dilemma is hard, but not impossible. 
SNARKS played a role in solving this dilemma. A SNARK is a Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge. So, zero knowledge of tech. Remember, this is when you can verify transactions without showing any transaction data. 
Plasma architecture, available since 2017, is another option. This has now developed to such a stage that it can help with solving the trilemma. 
<h6>2 — Data Availability Sampling</h6> 
This should bring Ethereum’s TPS to 58,000. For this, Ethereum uses <a href="https://ethresear.ch/t/peerdas-a-simpler-das-approach-using-battle-tested-p2p-components/16541" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PeerDAS</a> (Data Availability Sampling). This helps to make sure that everyone has access to all data (blobs) required for block validation. It only samples parts of all available data, instead of all data. This results in a reduced workload for each node. 
<h6>3 — Data Compression</h6> 
Current ERC-20 transactions in a roll-up L2 take around 180 bytes. The idea is to reduce the number of bytes per transaction. See the picture below. 
<img decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-153537 size-full" src="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-642-vitalik.eth-on-X_-_Some-quic-cut-much-data-space-we-can-save-by-improving-compression_-x.com_.jpg" alt="Buterin's X account" width="842" height="808" srcset="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-642-vitalik.eth-on-X_-_Some-quic-cut-much-data-space-we-can-save-by-improving-compression_-x.com_.jpg 842w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-642-vitalik.eth-on-X_-_Some-quic-cut-much-data-space-we-can-save-by-improving-compression_-x.com_-300x288.jpg 300w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-642-vitalik.eth-on-X_-_Some-quic-cut-much-data-space-we-can-save-by-improving-compression_-x.com_-768x737.jpg 768w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-642-vitalik.eth-on-X_-_Some-quic-cut-much-data-space-we-can-save-by-improving-compression_-x.com_-438x420.jpg 438w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-642-vitalik.eth-on-X_-_Some-quic-cut-much-data-space-we-can-save-by-improving-compression_-x.com_-696x668.jpg 696w" sizes="(max-width: 842px) 100vw, 842px"> 
Source: <a href="https://x.com/VitalikButerin/status/1554983955182809088" target="_blank" rel="noopener">X</a> 
<h6>4 — Generalized Plasma</h6> 
Ethereum needs a higher TPS than the 58k they currently are aiming for. The result should be 100,000+ TPS. For this, the <a href="https://plasma.io/plasma-deprecated.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Plasma</a> scaling solution is an option. The currently available option is a <a href="https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/validium/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">validium</a>. This keeps data off-chain. Operators can’t steal a user’s funds. However, they can vanish and temporarily or permanently freeze assets. Plasma resolves these issues. See the picture below. 
<img decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-153535 size-full" src="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-643-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_.png" alt="The Surge" width="954" height="469" srcset="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-643-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_.png 954w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-643-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_-300x147.png 300w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-643-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_-768x378.png 768w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-643-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_-854x420.png 854w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-643-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_-696x342.png 696w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-643-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_-324x160.png 324w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-643-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_-533x261.png 533w" sizes="(max-width: 954px) 100vw, 954px"> 
Source: Vitalik Buterin <a href="https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2024/10/17/futures2.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">blog</a> 
<h6>5 — Maturing L2 Proof Systems</h6> 
Currently, most L2s are not trustless yet. They are in Stage 1, see below for an explanation of these stages. Ethereum is looking for trustless rollups. It wants to get to Stage 2. There are <a href="https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/proposed-milestones-for-rollups-taking-off-training-wheels/11571" target="_blank" rel="noopener">three stages</a> in this setup. 
<ol> 
 <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Stage 0 — Validation for this stage can be fully trusted or centralized.</li> 
 <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Stage 1 — This has a (trustless) proof system. However, a security council can override this proof system.</li> 
 <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Stage 2 — This also has a (trustless) proof system. However, now the council cannot override the system, it can only get involved with provable bugs.</li> 
</ol> 
<h6>6 — Cross-L2 Interoperability Improvements</h6> 
It’s not easy to navigate the L2 ecosystem. Each L2 has its own rules. Interchain transactions require too many steps. Bridging, which includes choosing the correct origin and destination chains, RPCs, and more. Ethereum wants to get to a situation where you only need the wallet address. From there, the L2 can figure everything else out, like bridges. However, the chain (<a href="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/?s=arbitrum" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Arbitrum</a>, Optimism, etc.) should be part of the address. The user shouldn’t have to deal anymore with all the background tasks. 
<h6>7 — Scaling Execution on L1</h6> 
In case L2s become very scalable but the L1 can only process low numbers, there’s an issue. Ethereum can face plenty of risks in that case. So, the L1 also needs to be able to scale. One option is to increase the gas limit. However, this can centralize the L1. So, the question arises, what belongs on the L1, and what belongs on the L2? Ethereum needs to find the right balance for this. See the picture below. 
<figure id="attachment_153536" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-153536" style="width: 100%" class="wp-caption aligncenter">
 <img decoding="async" class="wp-image-153536 size-full" src="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-644-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_.jpg" alt="The Surge" width="920" height="1005" srcset="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-644-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_.jpg 920w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-644-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_-275x300.jpg 275w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-644-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_-768x839.jpg 768w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-644-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_-384x420.jpg 384w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FireShot-Pro-Webpage-Capture-644-Possible-futures-of-the-Ethereum-protocol-part-2_-The-Surge-vitalik.eth_.limo_-696x760.jpg 696w" sizes="(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px">
 <figcaption id="caption-attachment-153536" class="wp-caption-text">
 Vitalik Buterin blog
 </figcaption>
</figure> 
<h5>Conclusion</h5> 
The Surge should make Ethereum more scalable. However, there are still plenty of steps to take. It’s not an easy or fast process, but Buterin and his devs are working on viable solutions. We look at seven different ways they are approaching this scalability issue. 
The current <a href="https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/ethereum" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$ETH price</a> is $2,702.92 with a $325 billion market cap. There’s an infinite max supply. The total and circulating supply is 120 million $ETH. 
<a href="https://www.patreon.com/altcoinbuzz" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-123700 size-full" src="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Alpha_website_leaderboard-banner.jpg" sizes="(max-width: 1197px) 100vw, 1197px" srcset="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Alpha_website_leaderboard-banner.jpg 1197w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Alpha_website_leaderboard-banner-300x37.jpg 300w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Alpha_website_leaderboard-banner-1024x127.jpg 1024w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Alpha_website_leaderboard-banner-768x95.jpg 768w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Alpha_website_leaderboard-banner-696x86.jpg 696w, https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Alpha_website_leaderboard-banner-1068x132.jpg 1068w" alt="" width="1197" height="148"></a> 
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<h5>Disclaimer</h5> 
The information discussed by Altcoin Buzz is not financial advice. This is for educational, entertainment, and informational purposes only. Any information or strategies are thoughts and opinions relevant to the accepted levels of risk tolerance of the writer/reviewers, and their risk tolerance may be different from yours. 
We are not responsible for any losses you may incur due to any investments directly or indirectly related to the information provided. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are high-risk investments, so please do your due diligence. 
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The post <a href="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/product-release/vitalik-buterin-talked-about-the-surge-ethereums-future/">Vitalik Buterin Talked about “The Surge”: Ethereum’s Future</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.altcoinbuzz.io">Altcoin Buzz</a>.

Vitalik Buterin Talked about “The Surge”: Ethereum’s Future

Altcoin Buzz

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