LOAN Protocol

LOAN is a new decentralized lending protocol built on the XPR Network, utilizing the cross-chain capabilities of Metallicus wrapped xTokens.

XPR Network

Metal DAO

Zebec Network

The XDC Network is a blockchain developed to support trade finance and the tokenization of real-world assets (RWAs). An EVM-compatible blockchain, XDC Network utilizes a state-of-the-art Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus engine to provide high-level security, fast transaction times and improved scalability. The network features a Layer-2 subnet system allowing users to launch sovereign and privacy-preserving side chains that inherit the security of the XDC mainnet. This system makes XDC Network uniquely equipped to support those who require dedicated blockchain environments for enhanced permissions and control, such as government agencies, financial institutions, and businesses.

As of Jan 6, 2025, there are 300+ XDC Network validator masternode candidates, of which 108 actively operate as validator masternodes, and the remainder operate as standby masternodes. Each masternode operator is required to stake 10M XDC.

In Q4 2024, the XDC mainnet successfully upgraded to XDC 2.0. XDC 2.0 incorporates the theoretical maximum Byzantine fault tolerance security and novel forensics monitoring system into the consensus mechanism. Developed by an expert protocol team led by Professor Pramod Viswanath from Princeton University, XDC 2.0’s cutting-edge compliance technology ensures unprecedented Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) by holding validators accountable for their actions on an automated yet discretionary basis.

XDC Network

Flare is an EVM-based layer 1 aiming to make blockchain more useful by giving developers decentralized access to high-integrity data from other chains and the internet. This enables new use cases and monetization models, while allowing dapps to serve multiple chains through a single deployment.

Flare

Onyxcoin

LCX is available for trading on a growing number of exchanges, with cryptocurrency and stablecoin pairs currently available.

Coinbase offers 3 trading pairs pairs with LCX/USD, LCX/USDT and LCX/EUR, while Kraken also offers 2 trading pairs with LCX/EUR and LCX/USD. Uniswap (https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/uniswap/) offers an Ethereum (ETH) trading pair; LCX/ETH. LCX Exchange offers a variety of trading pairs including Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) and USD Coin (USDC) options.

SwftCoin

Casper is a Proof-of-Stake Layer-1 blockchain designed to bring real-world assets on-chain. Launched on mainnet in March 2021, Casper provides infrastructure for tokenized assets, featuring upgradable smart contracts, protocol-level access control, and native support for multiple virtual machines (VMs).

The network runs on Zug Consensus, a deterministic protocol offering instant finality that is crucial for financial transactions, regulated assets, and enterprise workflows. Casper is also among the first Layer-1 networks to support multiple VMs running in parallel, allowing applications with different technical needs to operate natively on the same chain without relying on rollups or Layer-2 solutions.

Offering a familiar and modern development environment, Casper prioritizes developer accessibility. Supporting Rust, WebAssembly (WASM), and SDKs in mainstream languages like JavaScript, Python, and Go, Casper enables millions of developers, not just Web3 specialists, to build production-grade blockchain applications without learning obscure or domain-specific tools.

Casper

Bitcoin SV (BSV) emerged following a hard fork of the Bitcoin Cash (BCH) blockchain in 2018, which had in turn forked from the BTC blockchain a year earlier following the blocksize wars.

BSV claims to fulfill the original vision of the Bitcoin protocol and design as described in Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper, early Bitcoin client software and known Satoshi writings. BSV aims to offer scalability and stability in line with the original description of Bitcoin as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system, as well as deliver a distributed data network that can support enterprise-level advanced blockchain applications.

To this end, it has removed artificial block size limits and re-enabled Script commands and other technical capabilities which had been historically disabled or restricted by the protocol developers of the BTC blockchain. This purportedly allows the network to process tens of thousands of transactions per second while maintaining extremely low transaction fees for micropayments, in addition to offering advanced capabilities such as tokens, smart contracts, computation and other data use cases.

The BSV network claims to be unique in its capacity for unbounded on-chain scaling while also being more aligned with the original design of Bitcoin than any other blockchain.

Bitcoin SV

Yobit Token

Verge is a privacy-focused cryptocurrency and blockchain that seeks to offer a fast, efficient, decentralized payments network that improves upon the original Bitcoin (BTC) blockchain. It includes additional privacy features including integrating the anonymity network Tor into its wallet, called vergePay, and providing the option of sending transactions to stealth addresses.

The project describes itself as community-driven, relying on volunteers and priding itself on being open source.

Verge was first launched in October 2014 as DogeCoinDark, a fork of Peercoin (PPC). In February 2016, it was renamed Verge in order to rebrand for easier mass-market adoption and to distinguish itself from Dogecoin (DOGE), with which it has no direct connection. The project is now based on the Bitcoin source code.

Verge

CENTER COIN

QuadrantProtocol

Quant launched in June 2018 with the goal of connecting blockchains and networks on a global scale, without reducing the efficiency and interoperability of the network. It is the first project to solve the interoperability problem through the creation of the first blockchain operating system.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Quant.

The project is built as an operating system distributed ledger technology— and Overledger Network — for connecting different blockchain networks. The project is billed as the first OS to be built for blockchains.

The main aim of Quant — using Overledger — is to bridge the gap that exists between different blockchains. The backbone of the project is the Overledger network, which Quant bills as the ecosystem on which the future digital economy ecosystem will be built.

Overledger allows developers to build decentralized multi-chain applications (known as MApps) for their customers. For developers to build a Mapp on the network, they must hold a certain amount of Quant tokens (QNT).

Quant

MobilinkToken

Theta (THETA) is a blockchain powered network purpose-built for video streaming. Launched in March 2019, the Theta mainnet operates as a decentralized network in which users share bandwidth and computing resources on a peer-to-peer (P2P) basis. The project is advised by Steve Chen, co-founder of YouTube and Justin Kan, co-founder of Twitch.

Theta features its own native cryptocurrency token, THETA, which performs various governance tasks within the network, and counts Google, Binance, Blockchain ventures, Gumi, Sony Europe and Samsung as Enterprise validators, along with a Guardian network of thousands of community-run guardian nodes.

Developers say that the project aims to shake up the video streaming industry in its current form — centralization, poor infrastructure and high costs mean that end users often end up with a poor experience. Content creators likewise earn less revenue due to the barriers between them and end users.

The Theta team has created a customer-centric business plan for their growing ecosystem of services focused on esports, music, TV, movies, and education. The list of Theta Network partners includes video platforms like Samsung VR, Cinedigm, Shout! Factory, Pandora.tv, Play Labs, and THETA.tv.

Wrapped THETA

Hedera is the most used, sustainable, enterprise-grade public network for the decentralized economy that allows individuals and businesses to create powerful decentralized applications (DApps).

It is designed to be a fairer, more efficient system that eliminates some of the limitations that older blockchain-based platforms face — such as slow performance and instability.

It was funded through an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2018 and first launched open access to its mainnet just over a year later in September 2019. As part of the ICO, investors were able to purchase the platform’s native utility token (HBAR) at the lowest possible pricing.

The HBAR token has a dual role within the Hedera public network.

First and foremost, HBAR the fuel that powers Hedera services, such as smart contracts, file storage and regular transactions. Second, it's used to help secure the network, since HBAR users can stake their tokens to assist with maintaining the integrity of the platform.

Hedera (HBAR) is the native cryptocurrency of Hedera Hashgraph, a platform that is positioned as an alternative to traditional blockchain technology and aims to excel in speed, efficiency and security.

Older blockchains tend to use a consensus mechanism like proof-of-work (PoW) to validate transactions, while younger blockchains opted for proof-of-stake (PoS). The Hedera Hashgraph system has a structure that was created from scratch particularly for the project. Hedera is based on a PoS model that is believed to increase the efficiency of transaction verification in the network, provide a high level of security, and protect the network from hacker attacks. Its ecosystem has the underlying hashgraph consensus algorithm and the global enterprise governing body.

Hedera Hashgraph is a distributed ledger technology (DLT). According to the project website, Hedera differs from other blockchains because it uses a new consensus algorithm called hashgraph. It intends to process and execute transactions faster, eliminate delays, and smooth out the TPS (transactions per second) indicator. Hashgraph is claimed to be an upgrade in transaction speed, cost, and scalability.

Core network services by Hedera:

Consensus Service (HCS). With HCS, clients send messages to the network to negotiate consensus timestamping and order. In this case, the state is stored offline, and users can define privacy and access control.

Hedera Token Service (HTS). Thanks to HTS, token creation and management are available to customers. It supports built-in tokenization.

The goal of Hedera’s hashgraph is to increase the speed of transactions. Moreover, the network is also focused on high-volume operations: micropayments, data integrity and tokenization.

Like the EVM, the Hedera network maintains a virtual machine that writes smart contracts in the Solidity programming language. On top of that, Hedera offers a set of built-in KYC and AML checks.

From a technical point of view, Hedera is a form of distributed ledger technology. It is a hashgraph, or consensus algorithm, where users agree on the order in which transactions should be performed. However, Hedera is not exactly a blockchain. It has its own distinctiveness and works differently. With hashgraph, all transaction branches are merged, no block equivalent is thrown away, and each is used to reach consensus.

One of the most noticeable features of the network is the Gossip-about-Gossip protocol. According to Dr. Leemon Baird, Hedera's inventor, within the system nodes randomly transmit data about themselves to other nodes via hashgraph using the Gossip protocol. Soon, all nodes in a cluster become familiar with each other. Then a certain data structure is formed. It consists of a payload of transactions, a timestamp, a digital signature, and hashes to the previous structures.

HBAR is Hedera's native token that powers applications on the Hedera network. HBAR is utilized to pay for network services, transaction fees, in-app payments and micropayments. Developers can pay network fees with HBAR tokens, namely: work with smart contracts, file storage and currency exchange. HBAR is used to incentivize and pay network nodes.

Hedera Hashgraph has a decentralized governance system that is set apart. All critical decisions about pricing policy, software updates, and wealth management are made by the Governing Council.

Hedera

IOTA is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) with an open-source product suite for individuals, businesses, and institutions in Web3. Founded in 2015, it enables low-fee, permissionless value and data transfer on a scalable, decentralized network.

As a pioneer in using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) in the DLT and blockchain space, IOTA stands out as one of the first networks to integrate the Move programming language — a language specifically designed for secure and predictable digital asset management. IOTA’s architecture blends a DAG-native consensus mechanism with an object-centric ledger model, enabling advanced programmability through Move smart contracts.

Unlike traditional blockchains, IOTA's DAG structure immediately includes transactions into blocks that reference previous blocks. This creates a causal architecture where each new block acknowledges the current ledger state. It removes the need for a shared mempool and eliminates any leader role for block proposals. As a result, IOTA enables low-latency confirmations, high throughput, and parallel block proposals — key features for decentralized finance (DeFi), where fairness and speed are essential, and for supply chain systems that demand scale, traceability, and minimal transaction costs.

To learn more about how IOTA works, read our deep dive into DAG architecture and smart contracts.

IOTA

The Stellar network is a decentralized, fast, scalable, and uniquely sustainable blockchain built for financial products and services. The network launched in 2014 with the purpose of connecting the world's financial systems by offering a protocol for payment providers and financial institutions that facilitates near-instant global payments and currency exchanges. In 2024, Stellar released protocol 20, enabling full-featured smart contracts to the network. The network is transforming international payments and remittances through safer, faster, and more affordable solutions, and connecting real-world assets to DeFi to enable comprehensive everyday financial services.

The Stellar network’s native digital currency - Lumens (“XLM”) - is used to pay the network’s transaction fees.  (XLM can also be used as an intermediate currency for operations. How it works: the protocol converts money in a few seconds, first into XLM, and then into the requested currency.)

Stellar's unique Proof-of-Agreement (PoA) consensus mechanism –  the Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP)– differs from both Proof of Stake and Proof of Work. SCP is designed to secure the network through reputation rather than through computing resources or staked crypto tokens. All Stellar validators are required to have a publicly-accessible and verifiable record identifying themselves, building trust within the network. By design, Stellar does not provide onchain financial incentives to run validators, nor does it rely on stake or hash power to secure the network. Instead organizations run nodes for network benefit and collaborate to reach a network-wide agreement about the validity of transactions.

Stellar is a proven platform for asset issuance; many well-known institutions select Stellar as their preferred network for bringing real-world assets(RWAs) onchain. The network's speed and low fees, robust asset issuance framework, compliance tools, and anchor network provide financial institutions the infrastructure needed to tokenize assets while maintaining regulatory compliance. This approach has attracted significant RWA volume, with hundreds of millions of dollars in stablecoins, tokenized funds, and other real-world assets flowing through the network daily. It has also led to groundbreaking implementations like Franklin Templeton's BENJI fund, the first U.S. registered money market fund on a public blockchain.

Stellar's smart contract platform extends the network's capabilities to support sophisticated financial applications while maintaining Stellar's core principles of efficiency and accessibility. Built with Rust and WebAssembly, Soroban prioritizes performance through features like deterministic concurrency and multi-dimensional fees, enabling complex operations with predictable costs and sub-five-second finality. Security is foundational, with Rust's memory safety guarantees, no-reentrancy design, and an authorization-required framework that makes it difficult to introduce vulnerabilities. Unlike general-purpose platforms, Soroban is purpose-built for financial applications, supporting everything from decentralized exchanges and lending protocols to tokenized assets. This aligns with Stellar's purpose to connect traditional finance with blockchain technology, providing developers the tools to build real-world everyday financial services that are scalable, secure, and accessible to users worldwide.

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